78
Fourteen Points, 24–25
France
empire of, 19
invasion of Europe, 19–20,
20
NATO and, 68
as occupier of postwar Germany, 60
Treaty of Versailles and, 23, 25
Freikorps, 30
Gaddis, John Lewis, 64
Germany
after World War II
Berlin Blockade and Airlift and, 65–67,
66
economic success of, 69–70
fall of Berlin Wall and, 68,
70
unification of western sectors of, 65–66
economy of, between wars, 11, 28–29
Nazi
elections and, 11, 32, 33
Munich Pact and, 12
nonaggression pact of, with Soviet Union,
12–13, 47–49,
48
rearmament of, 33
systematic killing of Jews, Roma, and others
by, 16–17
Tripartite Pact and, 12, 34,
35
union of, with Austria, 12, 26
surrender of, 21
Treaty of Versailles and, 10, 11, 26–28,
27
Weimar Republic of, 11, 28–30, 33
World War I and, 11, 24
See also
Hitler, Adolf
Gillon, Steven M., 37
Great Britain.
See
Britain
Great Depression, 11, 29
Great Patriotic War, 53
Great War, 10, 11.
See
World War I
Hamby, Alonzo, L., 19
Hindenburg, Paul von, 33
Hirohito (emperor of Japan), 12
Hiroshima, bombing of, 22, 61
Hitler, Adolf
armed forces and, 31
on big versus small lies, 31–32
characteristics of, 52
and declaration of war on United States, 44–45
invasion of Great Britain and, 13–15
Jews and, 22, 30, 33
missed military opportunities by, 50
and nonaggression pact with Soviet Union,
12–13, 47–49,
48
as orator, 11, 30
Poland and, 31
promises made by, 32–33
rise of, to leadership in Nazi Party, 30
as strategist, 10, 53–54, 57
suicide of, 21
Treaty of Versailles and, 10, 31, 33
Tripartite Pact and, 12, 34,
35
on victory over Soviet Union, 50, 56–57
World War I experience of, 52
See also
Operation Barbarossa
Holocaust, 22
Hull, Cordell, 39
Il Duce
(“the leader,”Mussolini), 11–12
imperialism, 19, 25, 62
infamy, defined, 39
Iran, nuclear program negotiations, 9
Italy
Fascism in, 11–12
invasion of, 17–18
Treaty of Versailles and, 23
Tripartite Pact and, 12, 34,
35
Jackson, Kenneth T., 22
Japan
bombing of
atomic, 22, 61
conventional, 17, 38
Japanese reaction to, 44
economic success of, after World War II, 69–70
expansion of, into Asia, 36
military rule in, 12
military traditions in, 36
natural resource needs and trade barriers/
embargoes of, 35–36, 37, 39
Soviet Union and, 45, 60
surrender of, 22
Tripartite Pact and, 12, 34,
35
See also
Pearl Harbor, attack on (December 7,
1941)
Jews, 22, 30, 33
Kennan, George F., 64
Keynes, John Maynard, 28
Korea, 36, 68
Lacey, Jim, 54
League of Nations
creation of, 26
effectiveness of, 28
Fourteen Points and, 25
United States and, 28, 29
Leahy,William D., 61
lebensraum, described, 52
Lend-Lease Act, 15
Libya, 11
Lloyd George, David, 25
