77
economic divide in, 67
Pax Romana era, 18–19, 20
western, fall of, 59–60, 69–70
barbarian invasions and, 60–62
internal disunities and, 64–66
military deterioration and, 63,
68
Etruscans, 15,
31
, 33
Eusebius, 54
Ferrill, Arther, 65
First Punic War (264–241 BCE),
19
First Triumvirate, 43
Freeman, Charles, 16, 57
Galerius, 54
Gauls, 8–9, 10–11
Gibbon, Edward, 18, 19, 60, 61, 67
government
of Empire, 18
of Monarchy, 13
of Republic, 14–15, 32–35, 36
Grant, Michael, 11, 20
on Christianity, 50
on consuls, 14–15
on fall of western Empire, 60, 70
Hadrian, 18–19
Hannibal, 19
Heather, Peter, 59
Holy Trinity, 57
Homoousios, 56
hoplites, 9
Horatius Cocles,
31
, 31–32, 33
Huns, 61,
62
Jesus, 50, 51, 56, 57
Judaism, 50
Julius Caesar.
See
Caesar, Gaius
Julius
Jupiter (deity), 29, 35, 52
Kebric, Robert B., 16, 47
Latin League, 15
Livy (Titus Levius), 27, 28, 29, 30
Magnus, Gnaeus Pompeius.
See
Pompey
Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony),
45
Marcus Aurelius, 18–19, 20
Marius, Gaius, 38–39,
39
, 40
Mattingly, Harold, 52, 66
Maximian, 21
military/warfare
barbarization of, 63, 65
decline of Republic and, 37–38
Greek/early Roman, 9–10
impact of Gallic invasion on, 11
Minucius Felix, 53
Monarchy (ca. 753–509 BCE), 13
abolition of, 24–25
kings of, 27
monotheism, 51
Nero, 22,
49
, 54
Nerva, 18–19
Numa Pompilius, 27
Octavian.
See
Augustus
Odoacer, Flavius, 68–69,
69
Pax Romana (30 BCE–180 CE),
18–19, 20
phalanx (battlefield formation),
9–10
Greek,
10
Plutarch
on Caesar’s military victories, 44
on Crassus, 41–42
