I
NDEX
Ada programming language, 16
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA),
23, 53
AI Winter, 25
AlphaGo, 38
android, 11, 82–83
Android Dick, 11–12, 70
Apple I, 27
artificial general intelligence, 6, 8, 73, 75, 84,
86, 89
concerns about, 7, 81, 87
positives of, 7, 88
artificial intelligence, 4, 6–8, 13, 39, 81, 89
competitions, 38, 46
ethics of, 49, 65, 78–80, 83–86
history of, 4–6, 21–25, 28–29, 31,
35–37, 43–44
replacing humans, 61–63, 71–72, 90–91
Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT, 23, 33, 44
Asimov, Isaac, 43, 56
Three Laws of Robotics, 43, 84
Babbage, Charles, 14–16
Berners-Lee, Timothy, 28
World Wide Web, 28–29
BigDog, 10–11
Bletchley Park, 18–19
Boltzmann machine, 35–36
bottom-up artificial intelligence, 31, 85
Breazeal, Cynthia, 64–65, 67, 72
Brooks, Rodney, 44, 49
Colossus, 19
Curiosity
rover, 61
da Vinci Surgical System, 47–48
Deep Blue computer (IBM), 7, 38
deep learning, 36–37, 39, 47, 58
difference machine, 14–15
Dragon Systems, 28
drones, 10–11, 59, 80
Eckert, J. Presper, 19–20
Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC), 19–20, 26
Elektro mechanical man, 40–41, 43
Enigma, 18
expert systems, 28
Fifth Generation computer project, 27–28
Future of Life Institute, 81
Gasbot, 53
Gates, Bill, 26
Geminoids, 69
genetic engineering, 78
Google Brain, 30–31, 36–37
Google X, 30
Hanson, David, 11, 70
Hawking, Stephen, 6, 8, 77, 81
Hinton, Geoffrey, 35–36, 38–39
Hoff, Ted, 26
microprocessor, 26
Human Rights Watch, 60
IBM, 4–5, 7, 27, 38–39, 71, 90–91
Intel, 26, 75
intelligence augmentation (IA), 84
International Space Station, 62–63
Internet, 5, 8, 29, 37, 72, 75, 78
iRobot, 44, 51, 68
Jobs, Steve, 27
Kismet, 64–65
Kurzweil, Raymond, 6, 74–79, 81
Law of Accelerating Returns, 75
lethal autonomous weapons systems
(LAWS), 60
concerns about, 60, 81
Leonardo da Vinci , 40, 47
mechanical knight, 40
Levesque, Hector, 9
LISP programming language, 23
Logic Theory Machine, 21
Lovelace, Ada, 16
machine ethics, 7, 84–85
machine learning, 31, 34–39, 74, 85–86
Mauchly, John, 19–20
McCarthy, John, 21–23, 84
Microsoft, 26–27, 37, 39
Minsky, Marvin, 23, 32–34
102
