Fake News - page 14

INDEX
AdSense, 29, 41, 46–47
advertising, online,6,29–30, 39–41, 45–47,
83, 90, 99
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 56,
76–77
American Revolution,11, 72
anonymous news sources, 21, 23–25
bias,12, 20–21, 24, 28, 32, 35, 38, 40, 55,
60, 66–68, 92–93, 94
confirmation bias, 53–54
implicit bias, 50–51
media bias, 26–27, 86–89
censorship, 15, 68, 70–71, 77
China, 34, 70–71
internet censorship in, 70–71
propaganda in, 34
Chobani yogurt, fake news about, 81
Clinton, Hillary, fake news about,6,43–44,
46–47, 49, 64–65
Cold War, propaganda during, 32–34
Comet Ping Pong, fake news about, 64–65
communism, propaganda about, 33–34
confirmation bias, 53
conspiracy theories, 35–36, 54, 56, 62,
64–65, 81, 86
climate change, 35–36, 51–52, 54–56, 62
contrails, 98
Kennedy assassination,4, 35
moon landing, 35, 62
September 11 attacks, 36
democracy and freedom of the press, 14–16,
19, 23, 62, 68–70, 72–75, 77–78, 80
Disinfomedia websites, 28, 41
echo chamber effect, 57, 61
editorials, 30–31, 66, 88
in broadcast media, 31, 66
in print, 30–31
Facebook,5,7, 24, 41–43, 45, 47, 49, 57,
64–65, 71, 77, 82–83, 95–96
combating fake news, 42, 80, 90–91, 99
and fake news spread on,7, 41–45, 47, 49,
64, 82
and Mark Zuckerberg, 90–91
fact-checkers, 14, 19, 23–24, 90
fact-checking websites, 86
Fairness Doctrine, 74
fake news,8–9,12– 13, 14, 22–23, 32–33,
35, 45, 56, 58–59, 61, 62–67, 70, 72,
77, 91
combating, 42, 46–47, 75, 78–81, 90,
94–99
definition,5, 15
history of,7, 12–13, 15, 32–34, 37
identifying, 16, 17, 27, 28, 60, 68, 82–89
psychology of,7, 49–55, 57
purposes of,6,12– 13, 28–30, 37–38,
39–44
fake news websites
detecting, 42, 46, 84–86, 90–91, 94, 96
goals of,6,29, 37, 39, 40–42
in Macedonia, 40–41
types of, 28, 30, 37–38
fake science, 30
Fox News,4,27, 38, 57, 61, 88–89, 93
Franklin, Benjamin, 73
freedom of speech, 14
freedom of the press, 19, 23, 68, 69
Hitler, Adolf, 12–13
Holocaust,13, 77
images, doctoring of, 59, 85
implicit bias, 50–51
infographics, 26, 67
Infowars website, 55–56, 81, 89
Internet Research Agency, 44–45
Jefferson, Thomas, 68, 69
Jews, persecution of,10–11,12– 13, 50, 77
journalism, 20, 25, 30, 85, 92, 95
nontraditional, 24
standards, 22, 24, 27, 32
traditional, 17–19, 55
110