96
Teens and Body Image
victimization of overweight by, 37
penis size, 24
perceptive body image, described, 9
Phillips, Katharine, 54
physical appearance
being bullied about,
45
, 46, 47
body image versus, 9–10
changes in, can improve body
image, 69–70
character and value as person
and, 11
of female athletes as part of
judging, 60
importance in society of, 12–13,
33, 64
culture is obsessed with, 42
media emphasis on
attractiveness, 13
perfect life equated with perfect,
58
women’s, 74
media standards of beauty, 7
positive body image enhances, 65
Picicci, Jen, 59
Pinterest, 76
Pipher, Mary, 49
plastic surgery
BDD sufferers’ desire for, 54
for breast deformities, 36
happiness with results, 70, 72
on labia, 30
minor versus major, 69–70
on teens, 70, 75
Plenger, Monica, 69
pornography, 24–25
positive body image
changes in physical appearance,
69–70
described, 6, 10–11
increase in, with age, 70, 73
methods of achieving, 17
education about manipulation
by media, 68
fostering self-compassion, 74
having mentor, 66–67, 79
nonschool volunteer activities,
65
self-acceptance, 70–71
social media, 73
stopping fat talk and negative
noise, 67–68
therapy and counseling, 7, 66
perception of others about
appearance and, 65
self-confidence and, 65
Precious
(film), 70–71
Principe, Connor, 12–13
Psychology of Men and Masculinity
(journal), 23, 29
Psychology of Sport and Exercise
, 60
puberty
age of beginning of, 13, 23
breast development, 23–24
of boys, 32
comparison of bodies during,
19–20
effect on body image, 6, 14–15
muscle development in boys
during, 22–23
natural weight gain during, 13, 20
penis size increase during, 24
self-consciousness during, 14
Public Health Agency (Canada), 29
Puhl, Rebecca, 12, 37
Purdue University, 61
quality of life, 50
BDD and, 54–55
diminishment of, 49, 58
excessive thinking about weight,
12, 16, 58
race and breast development, 23
Rader Programs, 44,
46
reality versus perception, 9–10
Representation Project, 68
role models, importance of,
76
Ross, Carolyn, 27, 34, 44
Rothstein, Caroline, 73
rumination, described, 16
Savage, Carolyn, 22
Schlundt, David, 10
self-acceptance
creates positive body image, 70–71
importance of, 8
self-esteem and, 7
self-compassion, fostering, 74
self-confidence and positive body
image, 65
self-consciousness
during puberty, 14
as result of negative body image,
50
self-esteem and self-worth
body image affects, 6, 11–12, 13
bullying damages, 43
media sexualization and, 35
plastic surgery and, 72
quality of life and, 50
self-acceptance and, 7
self-harm (self-injury), 55–56, 59
self-image, 10–11
self-objectification, 35
sexual dysfunction and self-
objectification, 35
sexualization and media, 34–35,
44,
47
Shriver, Lionel, 69
Sidibe, Gabourey, 64, 70–71
Silverman, Robyn, 21
Smolak, Linda, 53
social media
could be used to achieve positive
body image, 73
cyberbullying, 47
education about manipulation
by, 68
influence on body image of
is negative, 7, 39, 41, 42, 46
is positive, 39, 41, 42
public image crafted on, 39
sites banning materials focusing on
eating disorders, 76
Spain, 76
sports, 60
steroids
frequency of use by males, 61
use by boys of, 23
use by MDM sufferers, 55
Streicher, Lauren, 25
stress, released by self-harm, 55–56
suicide, 37
supernumerary nipples, 32
talk therapy, 7
CBT, 66,
77
percentage of college students
receiving,
78
Tantillo, Mary, 62
teasing.
See
bullying
teeth,
15
thinness
boys and
associated with weakness/“being
like a girl,” 21
depression and, 23, 58
percentage of normal weight,
perceiving selves as, 29
of fashion models compared to
average women, 44
percentage of female TV characters
below average weight, 46
as source of happiness for girls, 20
Thompson, Colleen, 59
Thompson, J. Kevin, 53
Thomson, Duncan, 22
Tiggemann, Marika, 38–39, 42
Today
(television program), 30
trauma, experiencing, 40
tuberous breasts, 36
Tumblr, 76
Tuttle, Josie, 53
underweight individuals.
See
thinness
Unilever, 69
University of California–Davis
Health System, 32
vagina
appearance of, 25, 30
size of, 25
Vennie, Quentin, 26
Vogue
(magazine), 77
volunteering, 65
Walen, Andrew, 65–66
Weber, Jill, 39
weight
body image and, 19, 21
excessive thinking about, 12,
16, 58
of fashion models, 44
media and
importance of using average-
sized, 78
percentage of female TV
characters underweight, 46
portrayal of overweight teens
on, 36–37
methods to control, 39, 50–51,
52–53, 60,
62
See also
eating disorders
natural gain during puberty, 13, 20
unhappiness with, 27, 29
See also
overweight/obese
individuals; thinness
weight training, 22
Wertheim, Eleanor, 20
Whitefield-Madrano, Autumn, 57
Williams, Mandie, 74
Wolf, Naomi, 33
women
anger and depression after seeing
fashion models, 44
excessive thinking about weight, 12
frequency of fat talk by, 47
percentage dissatisfied with body,
29
percentage dissatisfied with labia,
30
sexualization in media of, 34–35,
44,
47
weight compared to fashion
models’, 44
Zuckerman, Diana, 69–70, 73, 75
