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clubs, cruise ships, resorts, and even hospitals. Some work as
               personal chefs for private individuals.
                   Chefs perform a wide variety of tasks and have much re-
               sponsibility. Those who work for restaurants are charged with
               overseeing the kitchen, including everything that goes on in
               there and all the food that leaves it. Their specific duties vary
               based on the size of the establishment, but certain tasks are
               typical for most chefs. They plan menus, develop recipes, and
               ensure that food and ingredients are well stocked and fresh.
               They determine how food should be presented to patrons and
               ensure that it happens correctly and in a timely manner. Clean-
               liness  and  sanitation  are  vital  for  all  food  service  establish-
               ments, and chefs monitor these practices carefully. They also
               hire, train, and supervise the work of everyone in the kitchen,
               from food preparation workers to cooks and sometimes other
               chefs.
                   While chefs are working, they use a variety of kitchen tools
               and equipment, including an assortment of knives. One is a
               chef’s knife, which has a curved blade for fast cutting and chop-
               ping and a small tip for fi ner work. Chefs prize their knives and
               understand the importance of taking exceptional care of them
               by keeping them clean and sharpened using special stones.
               They also use many types and sizes of pots and pans as well as
               small kitchen gadgets such as spatulas, scrapers, and peelers.
               Appliances used by chefs include ranges, ovens, grills, griddles,
               fryers, and walk-in coolers and freezers.
                   Although no two days are necessarily identical, chefs often
               follow a routine and know (for the most part) what to expect from
               day to day. This is true of Chantelle Nicholson, who is the head
               chef and co-owner of a fi ne-dining restaurant in London called
               Tredwells. Nicholson usually works six days a week, and she ar-
               rives at the restaurant by 8:00 a.m. She greets her staff of twelve
               chefs, reviews the day’s bookings, and then begins to sharpen
               knives and work on food preparation. Around midmorning, she
               makes breakfast for her team. This is usually bacon sandwiches
               or a Swiss cereal known as muesli, which is made with rolled
               oats, nuts, and fruit.




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