Page 12 - Biased Science

INDEX

Note: Boldface page numbers indicate body armor, 42, 42–43
illustrations. British Medical Journal, 25

algorithms cancer
in artifi cial intelligence, 29, 31 diagnosis of, 53, 54
bias in, 29–31 Henrietta Lacks and, 11–15, 13, 14
medical, 54 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 46
proprietary, 31 cars, product design of, 39, 44–47, 45
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 35 cell lines, 13
artifi cial intelligence cell phones, product design of, 39–40
algorithms and data as basis of, 29, 31 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
bias in, 29–31 (CDC), 18, 48
facial recognition software, 34–37, 36 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 16
theory behind use of, 28 chicken pox, 18
voice recognition software, 32–34, 33 clinical trials, 48–52, 50
Asian Americans, 36 Clinton, Bill, 11
attention defi cit disorder, diagnosis of, 53 Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 18
autism, 19, 53 Commission for Racial Equality (Britain), 30
Commonwealth Fund, 18
“bad blood,” 9 communality (Mertonian norm), 24
Bailey, Harry, 16 coronary stents, 50–51
biases in science COVID-19, 18–19, 54–55
algorithms and, 29–31 crash test dummies, 45, 45–46, 47
basis of product design and, 38 Criado Perez, Caroline
facial recognition software and, 34–37, 36 on algorithm-driven products and
implicit, 28 inequality, 29
long-held, 4–5 on calorie counts on treadmills, 39
risk assessments for criminal behavior, on crash test dummies, 46
31–32 on drugs that work on women but not on
voice recognition software and, 32–34, men, 52
33 on men as default humans in scientifi c
Black Americans research, 47
Bailey mind control experiments on, 16 on need for revolution in medicine, 56
biases and prejudice against, 5 on women in product design, 39
in emergency rooms, 54–56, 55 criminal behavior, 31–32, 34–35
in risk assessments for criminal culture and science, 4–5
behavior and, 31–32
in school discipline, 28, 30 Darwin, Charles, 5, 6
and case of Henrietta Lacks, 11–15, 13, data
14, 16–17 artifi cial intelligence and, 29, 31
facial recognition software and, 35, 36 fabrication and manipulation of
medical diagnoses for, 53, 54 Yoshihiro Sato and, 21
use of algorithms in, 54 scientifi c inquiry and, 22
numbers of, in most medical research Andrew Wakefi eld and, 21–22
studies, 52 facial recognition software and, 35
trust in science and medicine by, 17 disinterestedness (Mertonian norm), 24
in Tuskegee study, 8–11, 10, 12, 16–17 drugs, testing, 48–52, 50

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