Page 13 - Biased Science

earth science, 4 Lipe, Rebecca, 42–43
emergency rooms, racism in treatment in,
54–56, 55 Mark, Saralyn, 41
ethics Massachusetts General Hospital, 56
and behavior of scientifi c researchers, 22 Mayhew, Deanna, 42
code for scientifi c research, 6–7 McClain, Anne, 41
described, 6 McDonald, Rosealine, 42
and Mertonian norms, 24 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine,
and testing hypotheses, 27 19–22, 20
See also medical ethics Medical Apartheid (Washington), 16
European Journal of Public Health, 25 medical devices, testing, 48–52
Exxon Corporation, 26–27 medical diagnoses, 52–54
medical ethics
facial recognition software, 34–37, 36 in clinical trials, 48–52, 50
Farber, Daniel, 26 and denial of treatments known to be
fossil fuel industry, 25–27, 26 effective, 10–11, 12
Fowler, Gary, 54 and fi nancial benefi ts from research, 15
fraud and informed consent, 9–10, 48
by Yoshihiro Sato, 21 men
tobacco companies’ studies and, 24–25 as default humans in scientifi c research,
by Andrew Wakefi eld, 19–22, 20 47
car accident injury and survival rate of, 47
Gambrell, Keith, 55 drug trials and, 52
Gey, George, 12–13 facial recognition software and, 36
Gey, Margaret, 12–13 medical diagnoses for, 53
Green, Alexander, 56 product design of items for civilians and,
Greenwald, Anthony, 28 38, 39, 39–40
salaries of women compared to, 28
Harvard Business Review, 30–31 superiority biases for, 5
heart attacks, diagnosing, 52–53 in Tuskegee study, 8–11, 10, 12
HeLa cell line, 13–14 voice recognition software for, 33, 34
Heller, Jean, 11 Merton, Robert, 24
Hoffert, Martin, 27 Mertonian norms, 24
Holder, Eric, 31 military equipment, product design of, 41–43,
hospitals, racism in treatment in, 54–56, 55 42
Human Rights Watch, 37 mind control experiments, 16
hypotheses, 27 Moore, Steven, 40
Mounts, Jessica, 43, 44
immortal cells, 13–14
implicit bias, 28 Najibi, Alex, 36–37
infl uenza, 18 National Aeronautics and Space
informed consent, 9–10, 48 Administration (NASA), 40, 41
Invisible Women (Criado Perez), 56 New England Journal of Medicine, 22
Northpointe, 31
James, Reginald, 12 Norton (computer security company), 35, 36
Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore), 12
Journal of Health Psychology, 25 organized skepticism (Mertonian norm), 24
Koch, Christina, 41 Page-Gourley, Rebekah, 33
Kovacevic, Jelena, 31 Perelman School of Medicine (University of
Pennsylvania), 46
Lacks, Henrietta, 11–15, 13, 14, 16–17 physical sciences, 4
Lancet, 19, 20, 21, 22 polio, 14
life sciences, 4 Pollard, Charles, 9

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