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Athena told Twenge that she spent most of her summer

                     vacation alone in her bedroom with her smartphone.
                     “We didn’t have a choice to

                     know any life without iPads           “We didn’t have a choice to know any
                                                            life without iPads or iPhones. I think
                     or iPhones,” Athena said.              we like our phones more than we like
                                                            actual people.” 12
                     “I think we like our phones                  —Athena, a thirteen-year-old
                     more than we like actual                      smartphone user from Texas

                     people.” 12


                        Researchers have also discovered that some people use

                     their smartphones to avoid interacting with others. Results

                     from the 2018 Pew Research Center survey showed that

                     about 43 percent of US teens often or sometimes use their
                     phones to avoid social interactions. They use their phones

                     while around other people so they appear distracted. That

                     way, people do not approach them and try to talk to them.


                     THE INFLUENCE OF SMARTPHONES


                     In her research, Twenge found many differences between

                     young people today and earlier generations of teens. These

                     differences are evident in the way today’s teens view the
                     world and how they spend their time. Twenge pinpoints the

                     dramatic shifts in behavior to the year 2012. In that year,

                     the proportion of Americans who owned smartphones
                     surpassed 50 percent.






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